Magnetism is the basic property of matter as well as force, heat, electricity and light. Materials with ferromagnetism are usually called magnetic materials. The biggest characteristic of magnetic materials is the hysteresis behavior, that is, the magnetization M changes with the external magnetic field. When H returns from a certain state to zero, M still […]
ZINC Atomic symbol: Zn Atomic weight: 65.39 Atomic number: 30 Electron configuration: 2-8-18-2 Oxidation states: +2 State of matter: solid Heavy metal, low melting Discovered in the 13th century Boils at 907°C, melts at 419°C Notes: Zinc is a bluish white lustrous metal, stable in dry air. On exposure to moist air, it becomes covered […]
Titanium nickel alloy, also known as Nitinol, is a binary alloy composed of nickel and titanium. The atomic percentages of these two elements are approximately equal. Austenitic phase and martensite phase Due to changes in temperature and mechanical pressure, Nitinol has two different crystal structure phases, namely an austenite phase and a martensite phase. In […]
VANADIUM Atomic symbol: V Atomic weight: 0.9415 Atomic number: 23 Electron configuration: 2-8-11-2 Oxidation states: +2, +3, +4, +5 State of matter: solid Heavy metal, brittle Discovered in 1801 by Andrès Manuel de Rio Boils at 3000°C, melts at 1890°C Notes: Vanadium is a light gray or white lustrous powder, it does not tarnish in […]
Advanced ceramics can be divided into structural ceramics, tool ceramics, and functional ceramics according to their different uses. Structural Ceramics The main materials of structural ceramics are alumina (Al2O3), silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC), and hexagon boron nitride ceramics (BN). Alumina (Al2O3) The main composition is Al2O3, and the general content is more than […]
SULFUR Atomic symbol: S Atomic weight: 32.066 Atomic number: 16 Electron configuration: 2-8-6 Oxidation states: +4, +6, -2 State of matter: solid Non-metal Discovered in ancient times Boils at 444.7°C, melts at 112.8°C Notes: Because sulfur is the least reactive non-metal at room temperature, much occurs free in nature. Chemically combined, sulfur is found as […]
FLUORINE Atomic symbol: F Atomic weight: 18.9984032 Atomic number: 9 Electron configuration: 2-7 Oxidation states: -1 State of matter: gas Non-metal Discovered in 1886 by Henri Moissan Boils at -188°C, freezes at -220°C Notes: Fluorine is the most active member of the halogen family, and produces the most stable compounds. It is very poisonous because […]
HYDROGEN Atomic symbol: H Atomic weight: 1.00794 Atomic number: 1 Electron configuration: 1 Oxidation states: ±1 State of matter: gas Alkali metal Discovered in 1790 by Henry Cavendish Boils at-252.8°C, melts at-259.14°C Notes: Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that can be flammable or explosive when mixed with air, oxygen, and chlorine. Hydrogen is not very […]
Rare earth fluorides, metals and slag have strong chemical activity, so the crucible material used must be resistant to corrosion by halogens and their compounds at high temperatures and does not interact with rare earth metals. It can be used for a long time in inert atmosphere. Below we list the chemical stability of different crucible materials […]
Rare earth metals have typical metal properties. They have strong chemical activity and can form a variety of compounds, including hydrides, chlorides, silicides, carbides, organic / inorganic salts and complexes. This is the basis for the rare earth metal in the metallurgical industry as a purification, impurity removal and refinement modifier. Rare earth metals are unstable […]